Thiazide diuretics (frequently used to treat edema and hypertension) Low-dose aspirin Immunosuppressant drugs Anti-rejection medication (such as cyclosporine and tacrolimus) following an organ transplant

Febuxostat may cause changes to your liver enzymes. Allopurinol can cause skin rashes, anemia, and sometimes increased joint pain. [4] X Research source

Side effects of probenecid include headaches, joint pain, and rapid breathing. [6] X Research source

Prescription NSAIDS can cause bleeding, ulcers, or stomach pain. Make sure to follow your doctor’s dosing recommendation.

You’ll probably be prescribed 800 mg of ibuprofen to be taken three to four times a day. OTC medications are usually used only during an attack, so stop taking them after your symptoms clear up. [9] X Research source

Alcohol Sugary soft drinks Fatty foods such as fried foods, butter, margarine, and high-fat dairy products Organ meats. These foods have the highest levels of purines. Beef, chicken, pork, bacon, veal, venison Anchovies, sardines, herring, mussels, codfish, scallops, trout, haddock, crab, oyster, lobster, shrimp

Calcium-rich foods, including low-fat dairy products Tart cherry juice: Drink three to four 8-ounce glasses of organic juice every day for relief within 12 to 24 hours.

Bromelain is an enzyme that comes from pineapples and is often used to treat digestive issues. Anyone with gout should avoid supplemental Vitamin C or niacin. Both of these vitamins may increase uric acid levels.

Eating healthy is an important part of maintaining a healthy weight. Losing weight or maintaining a healthy weight can keep your uric acid levels low.

Intense joint pain: in feet (often at the base of the big toe), ankles, knees, or wrists Joint discomfort after the initial attack Redness and other signs of inflammation, like warmth, swelling, and tenderness Difficulty moving the affected joint

Recent surgery or trauma also increases your risk for gout.

Testing may include taking a sample of joint fluid, running a blood test to see your uric acid levels, or getting an X-ray, ultrasound, or CT scan (although imaging tests aren’t usually used). [19] X Research source Joint fluid is analyzed for the presence of urate crystals that are visible under the microscope. [20] X Research source