Formwork structures serve to mark the perimeter of the concrete surface and contain the wet concrete mix while it’s being spread and compacted. Some digging may be required if you want the concrete to be at or below ground level. [2] X Research source
A cement truck with an extendable pour spout is the easiest way to pour concrete over a large area. For small spaces or indoor projects, transfer the mixed concrete to a wheelbarrow and shovel it into your formwork a little at a time. [4] X Research source
Failure to spread the concrete all the way to the edges of the forms could result in structural weakness or make the finished surface appear sloppy and incomplete.
Adjust the height of the rake as you spread to achieve the desired thickness. [6] X Research source Make sure the thickness of the concrete stays the same from one end of the formwork to the other.
A piece of scrap 2x4 costs next to nothing, but requires more intensive labor and an up-close-and-personal approach to application. Tampers should only be used on “low slump” or harsh mix types of concrete, in which the coarse aggregate materials don’t sink naturally. [8] X Research source
If you’re using a 2x4, make sure you have it turned so that the widest side is facing down. Move it side to side across the top of the wet concrete to smooth it out.
The key to successful tamping is to use even pressure throughout the entire surface. The compaction process will distribute the aggregate material throughout the concrete mixture, resulting in a denser, sturdier surface. Concrete rollers are weighted so that no extra muscle is required—just drag them along and let them work their magic. [10] X Research source Dip the tamper into a bucket of water occasionally so it doesn’t drag on the wet concrete.
Be careful not to press too hard or move too quickly, as this can cause the concrete to shift and create unevenness. Make sure you’re walking backward at all times and use the tamper to cover your tracks. If you happen to make a mistake, just go back over the area until it’s no longer visible. Tap on the form boards with a rubber mallet to make the concrete settle into any voids.
A float is any flat piece of wood or metal used to smooth newly laid concrete. They are sometimes available for purchase in hardware stores and home improvement centers. Alternatively, you can also use a hand trowel or short section of 2x4 to level concrete. If you used a 2x4 tamping the concrete, use a different board when you smooth.
Some of the textural elements you can use to give concrete a boost of character include swirls, diamonds, grooves, and symmetrical brick-like patterns. Make sure the stamp has a release agent on it so wet concrete doesn’t stick in the design.
Concrete can dry to the touch in a matter of hours. However, it will continue to cure long after that. It may be helpful to put up a makeshift guardrail to keep anyone from wandering into the wet concrete.
Try not to oversaturate the concrete. A periodic light misting will do. [16] X Research source Indoor concrete can be left exposed since constant temperature conditions make it less likely for it to lose water or dry unevenly.
