The reason for this has to do with the way frogs mate. Males have to climb all the way onto females’ backs to mate, so the female has to be larger so that the male’s weight doesn’t hurt her. [2] X Research source
In addition, the skin of the vocal sac will often be a different color than the rest of the underside. Yellowish or black shades are common.
This feature may be difficult to see except in the breeding season, when it enlarges in time for mating.
Some male frogs will have thicker arms with more noticeable muscle definition. Some male frogs will develop hook-shaped adornments on their hands used for gripping onto females for mating purposes. In some species, male frogs will have rougher skin (sometimes with small spines) while female frogs will have smooth skin.
This isn’t to say that female frogs don’t make any noise. Female frogs may occasionally croak or call out in response to something else. For instance, female frogs will “scream” when grabbed by a predator. However, they won’t croak constantly at night like most male frogs.
This isn’t just restricted to female frogs (although this is often the case). Male frogs may “hump” or hug objects like plants or rocks. They may even hump other male frogs. Female frogs, however, will not hump.
Both male and female frogs will defend themselves or attempt to run if threatened. Both male and female frogs shed skin. Both male and female frogs will attempt to camouflage themselves against similarly-colored things. Male and female frogs of the same species have the same diet.