Melasma. This type of hyperpigmentation is caused by hormonal fluctuations, and is a normal occurrence during pregnancy. It can also occur as a result of thyroid dysfunction and as a side effect of taking birth control pills or hormone therapy medication. [2] X Trustworthy Source American Academy of Dermatology Professional organization made of over 20,000 certified dermatologists Go to source This is a difficult type of hyperpigmentation to treat. Lentigines. These are also known as liver spots or age spots. They are found on 90% of people over the age of 60, and are usually caused by exposure to UV rays. Non-solar lentigines are caused by a larger systemic disorder. They’re most commonly found on the forehead, nose, and cheeks. [3] X Expert Source Aanand Geria, MDBoard Certified Dermatologist Expert Interview. 8 July 2020. Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH). This is caused by skin injury such as psoriasis, burns, acne, and some skin care treatments. It usually goes away as the skin regenerates and heals. Drug-induced hyperpigmentation. This secondary hyperpigmentation, known as lichen planus, occurs when drugs cause an inflammation and eruption on the skin. It is non-contagious.
How frequently do you use a tanning bed? How often do you use sunscreen? What is your level of sun exposure? What are your current and past medical conditions? Are you or have you recently been pregnant? Are you or have you recently taken birth control or done hormone replacement therapy? What medications are you taking? What plastic surgery or professional skin treatments have you undergone? Did you wear sun screen or UV protection in your youth?
Hydroquinone. This topical application is the most commonly used, and it’s the only skin lightening treatment approved by the FDA. You can get hydroquinone in a 2% strength over-the-counter, or by prescription in 4% strength. [6] X Expert Source Aanand Geria, MDBoard Certified Dermatologist Expert Interview. 8 July 2020. Kojic acid. This acid is derived from a fungus and works similarly to hydroquinone. [7] X Trustworthy Source PubMed Central Journal archive from the U. S. National Institutes of Health Go to source Azelaic acid. Developed to treat acne, this has been found to be an effective treatment for hyperpigmentation as well. Mandelic acid. Derived from almonds, this type of acid is used to treat all types of hyperpigmentation.
Skin peels, including salicylic acid peels, to treat darkened skin areas. Skin peels are used when topical therapy fails. IPL (Intense Pulsed Light) therapy. These target selective dark spots only. IPL devices are used under strict supervision under a trained physician. Laser skin resurfacing.
Skin lightening creams. These works by slowing down melanin production and removing existing melanin from the skin. Look for products that contain a combination of these ingredients: cysteamine, hydroquinone, soy milk, cucumber, kojic acid, calcium, azelaic acid, or arbutin. A topical treatment that contains Retin-A or alpha-hydroxy acids.
Rose hip oil Sliced, pureed or the juice of cucumber Lemon juice Aloe Vera
Always wear sunscreen. In strong, direct sun, wear a hat and long sleeves. Don’t use tanning beds. Limit your time outside and don’t sunbathe.
